Objective To evaluate the relationship between endothelin (ET) in bile and peripheral blood with systemic and hepatobiliary injury in patients with acute cholangitis of severe type (ACST). Methods ET, ALT and total bilirubin in bile and peripheral veinous blood of 25 patients with acute cholangitis of severe type (ACST) were detected during operation, one week and two weeks after operation. Results The contents of ET, ALT and total bilirubin were significantly lower on 7-day and 14-day after operations as compared with that during operations (Ｐ＜0.05 and Ｐ＜0.01). The concentration of ET in peripheral veinous blood paralleled with that in bile. Conclusion This suggests that ET is tightly related with the pathologic process of ACST. So, in patients with ACST, the dynamic measurement of ET in peripheral veinous blood can be an index for judging the degree of pathological damage either to the hepatobiliary or systemic systems.
Objective To investigate the effect of the damage and functional change of vascular endothelial cells (VEC) on diabetic retinopathy(DR). Methods Circulating endothelial cell (CEC) number and plasma endothelin(ET) level were measured in 18 normal control subjects and 55 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) consisting of 20 cases of DM with out retinopathy,20 cases of DM with-background diabetic retinopathy and 15 cases of DM with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Results CEC number and plasma ET level in DM were significantly higher than those in normal subjects(Plt;0.001)respectively.With the progression of DR,CEC number was significantly elevated and plasma ET level was gradually elevated.There was significant positive correlation between CEC number and plasma ET level (r=0.738,Plt;0.001,n=55). Conclusion VEC damage and elevated plasma ET level induced by VEC damage may play an important role in the development and progression of DR. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:166-168)
This prospective animal study was designed to investigate the changes of plasma endothelin (ET) levels in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly devided into 3 groups: acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) group in which ANP was induced by infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate (STC) into biliopancreatic duct, sham operation (SO) group and platelet activating factor antagonist BN50739 (BN) group. Blood levels of ET and platelet activating factor (PAF) were detected. Pancreatic microcirculatory blood flow was measured and pancreatic histological scores were evaluated. Results showed that the pancreatic microcirculatory blood flow in ANP group was decreased to a great extent immediatly after induction of ANP and soon began to rise slowly for 3 hours and again decreased steadily after that. The blood levels of ET, PAF and histological scores in ANP group were significantly higher than those in SO group. In BN group, the blood flow was significantly improved and the levels of blood ET, PAF and histological scores were all significantly lower as compared to those in ANP group. It is concluded that ischemia/ reperfusion is present in the initiation of acute necrotizing pancreatitis induced by STC in the rat. This leads to injuries of endothelial cells and increase in the production of ET and PAF. I/R lesions,and interaction of ET and PAF lead to a vicious circle, thus augmenting the pathological changes in the pancreas.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate relationship between plasma endotbelin(ET)and serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: Plasma ET and serum ACE levels were measured in 62 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) and in 30 normal control subjects with radioimmunoassay and ultraviolet-spectrophotometry. RESULTS:Plasma ET and serum ACE levels in patients with DR were significantly higher than in patients without DR (P＜0.01). Along with the progression of DR,plasma ET levels were significantly elevated and serum ACE levels were gradually elevated. CONCLUSIONS :These findings suggest that increased plasma ET and serum ACE levels may be related to the development and progression of DR. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 177-179）
Objective To investigate the alteration of protein kinase C (PKC) and endothelin system in early diabetic rats, and the effect of specific PKC inhibitor on the expression of retinal endothelin-1 (ET-1). Methods The rats model with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetes were set up. The expression of retinal PKC was detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of retinal ET-1, ET-3, ET-A and ET-B receptor mRNA was determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The alteration of retinal ET-1 mRNA after intravitreal injection of PKC inhibitor GF109203X in diabetic rats was also observed. Results The activities of membranous PKC were significantly increased in 2-week diabetic rats compared with that in normal rats（t=3.296 , P=0.008）, while activities of cytosolic PKC were unchangeable（t=0.138, P=0.894）. The expression of retinal ET-1 mRNA was significantly increased（P=0.008）, while no change was found in expression of ET-3, ET-A and ET-B mRNA（P=0.918，P=0.889，P=0.500）. After intravitreal in jection of 10-5、10-6、10-7 mol/L PKC inhibitor GF109203X in diabetic rats, the expression of retinal ET-1 mRNA was decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control rats. Conclusion Activation of PKC and increased expression of ET-1 could be found in the retina of early diabetic rats, and PKC inhibitor could inhibit the expression of retinal ET-1. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：168-171)
To investigate the effect of modified cold preservation on rat livers. The modified method was that the vascular bed of rat liver was infused with an additional 20 ml, 30 ml and 40 ml self-made HYD solution/100g liver. Via portal vein and the vesselses of liver were ligated. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups including conventional storage group (control group) and modified preservation groups (20%, 30% and 40% group). The indices of hepatic microcirculation, enzymes level in the effluent and bile production were determined in the groups. Results: Bile production and all the indices of hepatic microcirculation including portal perfused pressure, endothelin-1 in the effluent, Trypan Blue distrubution time and histology in experimental groups were significantly superior to those in control group (Ｐ＜0.05). The liver enzymes in 30% group were markedly lower than those in control group (Ｐ＜0.05). The preservation effect of rat livers in 30% group was the best among the experimental groups. Conclusions: The modified cold storage method is effective and may have potential for clinical application for liver preservation.
Objective To research the changes in plasma endothelin, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and non-obstructive jaundice (NOJ) after surgery. Methods The plasma ET, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in 15 patients without jaundice as controls. Results As compared with NOJ, the postoperative changes of ET, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in OJ group increased significantly at multiple time points (P＜0.05). Conclusion There is interaction between ET,LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and damage to multiple organ function in patients with OJ after surgery.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of hypertonic saline (HTS) pretreatment on levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1) and their correlation in hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) injury in rats. MethodsThe HIR injury models were made by using Pringle, s maneuver in 45 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomly divided into three groups (n=15):sham operation (SO) group, HIR group, and HTS group. The animals were killed at 1, 6, and 24 h after reperfusion. The levels of serum NO and ET-1 were measured respectively, the correlation between NO level and ET-1 level at 6 h after reperfusion was analyzed. ResultsAt the time points of 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h after reperfusion, the serum NO levels in the HTS group and HIR group were all significantly lower than those in the SO group (P < 0.01), but the serum ET-1 levels were all significantly higher than those in the so group (P < 0.01). The serum NO levels at the time points of 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h in the HTS group were significantly higher than those at the same time in the HIR group (P < 0.01), but the serum ET-1 levels in the HTS group were significantly lower than those in the HIR group (P < 0.01). At all the time points, every detected goal had more marked level at the time point of 6 h after reperfusion. The NO level was negatively correlated with the ET-1 level. ConclusionsHTS could change levels of serum NO and ET-1 after HIR injury, and which has a negative correlation. Its mechanism might probably stimulate serum NO level and reduce the ET-1 level through some way so as to enable both dynamic balance to the benign development direction and achieve a protective effect.
Objective To study the characteristics of endothelin(ET) and hemodynamics parameters in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in perioperative period and aim to find out some rules and useful suggestions for clinical trial. Methods Fortyseven patients were divided into 5 groups: patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and resection of left ventricular aneurysm(CABG+LVAN group),patients undergoing classical CABG(CABG group), patients undergoing offpump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB group), patients undergoing transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR group), and group control, patients undergoing mitral valve replacement because of rheumatic heart disease(RHD). The ET was measured in the following time: before operation, before aortic clamping(or before revascularization or before TMLR), aortic declamping(or just after revascularization or just TMLR), 3 h, 6 h, 24 h after reperfusion. CI was measured before operation, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h after reperfusion, respectively. Results ET Compared in each group: in CABG+LVAN group, it significantly increased when aortic declamping (69.93±7.20 pg/ml),at 3 h (89.99±5.76 pg/ml),6 h (60.94±8.69 pg/ml) and, 24 h (6899±10.30 pg/ml) after reperfusion than that beforeoperation (40.17±13.37 pg/ml，Plt;0.05); in CABG group, ET significantly increased when reperfusion(66.59±4.86 pg/ml), at 3 h (95.97±10.72 pg/ml), 6 h (61.51±765 pg/ml) and, 24 h (57.85±6.34 pg/ml) after reperfusion than that beforeoperation(43.22±9.13 pg/ml，Plt;0.05); in OPCAB group, ET increased significantly when reperfusion(66.47±5.90 pg/ml) than that beforeoperation(44.80±6.51 pg/ml，Plt;0.05), and then returned to normal level; in TMLR group,there is no difference before and after operation; in control group, ET increased significantly after operation. ET compared between different groups: ET level was higher in CABG group than that in OPCAB group at 3 h after reperfusion(95.97±10.72 pg/ml vs.59.72±4.81 pg/ml,Plt;0.05). Although CI significantly increased after myocardial reperfusion in all groups, the CI was significantly higher in OPCAB group than that in CABG group at 3 h after reperfusion(3.25±0.05 pg/ml vs. 2.17±0.46 L/min·m2,Plt;0.05). Conclusions In patients with CAD, the ET increases after operation, but the increasing levels are different among the different groups. In patients with OPCAB, the changes of ET and hemodynamics are mild, and heart function recovers quickly, so OPCAB is a very good choice for CAD surgical therapy if the indications are suitable; In patients with classical CABG, the changes of ET are obvious, and the heart function recovers a little bit slowly, but they all can return to normal level at 24 h after operation; TMLR is a good supplement for CAD therapy.
Objective To investigate the relationship between gene expression of endothelin-3 (ET-3） and inflammation of acute pancreatitis （AP） in rats. Methods Fifty-four rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: sham operation group, AP group, arterial injection group and vein injection group. AP was induced by reverse intra-bile duct infusion 4.5% sodium taurocholate, treated with low dose dopamine 〔5 μg/（kg·min）〕 by injecting arterial or tail vein. Rats were sacrificed at 1， 6 and 24 h after the induction of AP. The mRNA expression of ET-3 was evaluated by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and pathological changes was observed in rats. Results Expression of ET-3 mRNA could be detected from 1 up to 24 h after the induction of pancreatitis. Expression of ET-3 mRNA of sham operation group was decreased significantly compared with other three groups. Expression of ET-3 mRNA showed a significant decrease by arterial injection dopamine than that by tail vein (P＜0.05， P＜0.01). The pathologic score in AP group was the highest, vein injection group was the next one, and score in sham operation group was the lowest. Conclusion There are significant relationship between inflammation of AP and expression of ET-3 mRNA. Dopamine administration by arterial injection is more effective than that by tail vein injection.