To investigate the effect of modified cold preservation on rat livers. The modified method was that the vascular bed of rat liver was infused with an additional 20 ml, 30 ml and 40 ml self-made HYD solution/100g liver. Via portal vein and the vesselses of liver were ligated. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups including conventional storage group (control group) and modified preservation groups (20%, 30% and 40% group). The indices of hepatic microcirculation, enzymes level in the effluent and bile production were determined in the groups. Results: Bile production and all the indices of hepatic microcirculation including portal perfused pressure, endothelin-1 in the effluent, Trypan Blue distrubution time and histology in experimental groups were significantly superior to those in control group (Ｐ＜0.05). The liver enzymes in 30% group were markedly lower than those in control group (Ｐ＜0.05). The preservation effect of rat livers in 30% group was the best among the experimental groups. Conclusions: The modified cold storage method is effective and may have potential for clinical application for liver preservation.
Objective To investigate the serumlevel of endothelin-1 ( ET-1) in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ALI/ARDS) and its clinical significance. Methods Thirty-one ALI/ARDS patients received mechanical ventilation in ICUand 25 normal subjects were recruited in the study. The patients who died in two weeks fell in death group, and the patients who did not died in two weeks fell in survival group. The serum level of ET-1 measured by EIA method were compared between thepatients with different severity of lung injury [ evaluated by American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS ( AECC) criteria and lung injury score( LIS) ] , and between the patients with different prognosis ( death or survival ) . The correlation was analyzed between the level of ET-1 and clinical parameters.Results The ET-1 level was higher in the ALI/ARDS patients than that in the control subjects [ ( 6. 18 ±4. 48) ng/L vs. ( 2. 68 ±1. 34) ng/L, P lt;0. 05] . There was no significant difference in the patients with different severity [ ALI vs. ARDS, ( 5. 43 ±4. 39) ng/L vs. ( 7. 01 ±4. 51) ng/L, P gt; 0. 05; LIS≤2. 5 vs.LISgt;2. 5, ( 5. 93 ±5. 21) ng/L vs. ( 6. 68 ±2. 76) ng/L, P gt; 0. 05] . The ET-1 level in the death group continued to increase, and higher than that in the survival group on the 5th day [ ( 7. 96 ±3. 30) ng/L vs.( 4. 36 ±3. 29) ng/L, P lt; 0. 05] . The ET-1 level was positively correlated with SIRS, SAPSⅡ and APACHEⅡ ( r = 0. 359, 0. 369 and 0. 426, respectively, P lt; 0. 05 ) , and negatively correlated with PaO2 /FiO2 and AaDO2 ( r = - 0. 286 and - 0. 300, respectively, P lt;0. 05) . Conclusion The measurementof serum ET-1 can help to evaluate the severity and prognosis of ALI/ARDS patients.
Objective To investigate the alteration of protein kinase C (PKC) and endothelin system in early diabetic rats, and the effect of specific PKC inhibitor on the expression of retinal endothelin-1 (ET-1). Methods The rats model with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetes were set up. The expression of retinal PKC was detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of retinal ET-1, ET-3, ET-A and ET-B receptor mRNA was determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The alteration of retinal ET-1 mRNA after intravitreal injection of PKC inhibitor GF109203X in diabetic rats was also observed. Results The activities of membranous PKC were significantly increased in 2-week diabetic rats compared with that in normal rats（t=3.296 , P=0.008）, while activities of cytosolic PKC were unchangeable（t=0.138, P=0.894）. The expression of retinal ET-1 mRNA was significantly increased（P=0.008）, while no change was found in expression of ET-3, ET-A and ET-B mRNA（P=0.918，P=0.889，P=0.500）. After intravitreal in jection of 10-5、10-6、10-7 mol/L PKC inhibitor GF109203X in diabetic rats, the expression of retinal ET-1 mRNA was decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control rats. Conclusion Activation of PKC and increased expression of ET-1 could be found in the retina of early diabetic rats, and PKC inhibitor could inhibit the expression of retinal ET-1. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：168-171)
Objective To introduce the mechanisms of graft injuries after small-for-size liver transplantation and protective measures. Methods Recently relevant literatures were reviewed and summarized. Results Portal hypertension after small-for-size liver transplantation induces mechanical injuries as well as hepatic sinusoidal microcirculation disturbance and cytokines release, which worsened the injuries. Decrease portal pressure by surgery or drug could improve grafts function. ConclusionComprehending the mechanisms of graft injuries will contribute a lot for the living donor liver transplantation.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of hypertonic saline (HTS) pretreatment on levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1) and their correlation in hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) injury in rats. MethodsThe HIR injury models were made by using Pringle, s maneuver in 45 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomly divided into three groups (n=15):sham operation (SO) group, HIR group, and HTS group. The animals were killed at 1, 6, and 24 h after reperfusion. The levels of serum NO and ET-1 were measured respectively, the correlation between NO level and ET-1 level at 6 h after reperfusion was analyzed. ResultsAt the time points of 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h after reperfusion, the serum NO levels in the HTS group and HIR group were all significantly lower than those in the SO group (P < 0.01), but the serum ET-1 levels were all significantly higher than those in the so group (P < 0.01). The serum NO levels at the time points of 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h in the HTS group were significantly higher than those at the same time in the HIR group (P < 0.01), but the serum ET-1 levels in the HTS group were significantly lower than those in the HIR group (P < 0.01). At all the time points, every detected goal had more marked level at the time point of 6 h after reperfusion. The NO level was negatively correlated with the ET-1 level. ConclusionsHTS could change levels of serum NO and ET-1 after HIR injury, and which has a negative correlation. Its mechanism might probably stimulate serum NO level and reduce the ET-1 level through some way so as to enable both dynamic balance to the benign development direction and achieve a protective effect.
ObjectiveTo observe the concentration of plasma endothelin (ET-1) in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION) and investigate the relationship between ET-1 and NAION.MethodsThe plasma levels of ET-1 in 41 patients with NAION and 15 age-matched normal control subjects were measured by radioimmuoassay (RIA). The patients with NAION were divided into high papilloedema group, light papilloedema group, and recovery group according to the degree of papilloedema; and were divided into group1 (within 14 days), 2 (within 15-30 days), 3 (within 31-60 days), and 4 (within 61-180 days) according to the disease course. The plasma levels of ET-1 in different groups were detected and compared.ResultsThe plasma level of ET-1 in patients with NAION was significantly higher than that in the normal subjects (t=5.02，P＜0.05）and there was no obvious difference in NAION patients with different genders.There were significant differences of the plasma level among the groups with different degree of papilloedema（F=4.65，P＜0.05）. ET-1 plasma level gradually decreased as the disease course increased, and there were significant differences among the groups with different disease course（F=4.29，P＜0.05）. The difference of plasma level of ET-1 between Group 13 with corresponding disease courses and the control group was significant respectively(t1=5.92，t2=3.47，t3=2.18， P1lt;0.01, P2lt;0.05, P3lt;0.05)ConclusionThe plasma level of ET-1 in patients with NAION may be related to the degree of papilloedema lesion and disease courses. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:156-158)
Objective To research the changes in plasma endothelin, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and non-obstructive jaundice (NOJ) after surgery. Methods The plasma ET, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in 15 patients without jaundice as controls. Results As compared with NOJ, the postoperative changes of ET, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in OJ group increased significantly at multiple time points (P＜0.05). Conclusion There is interaction between ET,LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and damage to multiple organ function in patients with OJ after surgery.
Objective To study the effects of endothelin (ET) on acute pancreatitis in rats. Methods The acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) and hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis (AHNP) model of rats were induced by cerulein and dextran-110 and endothelin-1 was administered on AEP rats via intravenous injection. Serum amylase, plasma ET and 6-Keto-PGF1α, pancreas hostologic observation were determined. Results The serum concentration of amylase increased markedly in AHNP rats, and there was a significant difference between AHNP and AEP (Ｐ＜0.01). A dose of extrinsic ET-1 may induce the conversion of AEP to AHNP in rats. The degree of pancreatic damage correlates positively with the level of the plasma ET. Conclusion Endothelin might take part in the development of acute pancreatitis, and play a key role in the conversion of AEP to AHNP.
Objective To study the changes of endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) in the local site of vein transfer with delayed breaking pedicle and the relation with vasospasm and vein transfer in rabbits. MethodsThe ET concentration of blood was determined with the radioimmunoassay method. The plasma NO-2,NO-3 levels in the local site of vein transfer with delayed breaking pedicle, which reflected NO levels indirectly, were detected with Ultravioletvisible (UvVIS ) spectrophotometer. ResultsThe endothelin concentration of blood was increased significantly at 2, 4 hour after the operation (P＜0.01), and at 8 hour after the operation (P＜0.05). The plasma NO level was significantly decreased at 2, 4 hour after the operation (P＜0.01). But at 24 hour after the operation, the plasma NO level was increased significantly (P＜0.05). Conclusion The recovery of ET concentration of blood and the increase of plasma NO at 24 hour after the operation are the cause of the reduced incidence of vascular crisis of vein transfer with delayed breaking pedicle, and the very time point is the optimum moment for pedicle breaking.
In order to study effect of endothelin (ET-1) on hepatic blood flow in rats and effect of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) on ET-1 biological function, 20 rats were randomized into control, ET-1, ET-1 plus nitric-Larginine, ET-1 plus prostacyclin and indomethen groups. The result showed that ET-1 decreased hepatic blood flow and lasted for longer time. NO and PGI2 may antagonize the biological action of ET-1 during endotoxemia. Therefore, the endothelium-derived vascular factors may regulate hepatic blood flow.